Neurodevelopmental Disruptions in Children of Preeclamptic Mothers: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Consequences.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure in the mother, typically occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and posing risks to both maternal and fetal health. PE causes placental changes that can affect the fetus, particularly neurodevelopment. Its key pathophysiological mechanisms encompass hypoxia, vascular and angiogenic dysregulation, inflammation, neuronal and glial alterations, and disruptions in neuronal signaling. Animal models indicate that PE is correlated with neurodevelopmental alterations and cognitive dysfunctions in offspring and in humans, an association between PE and conditions such as cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and sexual dimorphism has been observed. Considering the relevance for mothers and children, we conducted a narrative literature review to describe the relationships between the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental alterations in the offspring of PE mothers, along with their potential consequences. Furthermore, we emphasize aspects pertinent to the prevention/treatment of PE in pregnant mothers and alterations observed in their offspring. The present narrative review offers a current, complete, and exhaustive analysis of (i) the pathophysiological mechanisms that can affect neurodevelopment in the children of PE mothers, (ii) the relationship between PE and neurological alterations in offspring, and (iii) the prevention/treatment of PE.

Polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO y su influencia en variables antropométricas de jóvenes chilenos / rs17817449 polymorphism of the fto gene and its influence on anthropometric variables of young Chileans

Determinar la distribución genotípica y la frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en jóvenes chilenos y su influencia en variables antropométricas. Los 96 sujetos jóvenes (18-25 años), 43 hombres y 53 mujeres fueron evaluados utilizando genotipificación del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en TT, TG y GG mediante polimerase chain reaction (PCR), además de una evaluación Kinenatropométrica para determinar las variables asociadas a composición corporal. Las variables fueron analizadas estadísticamente según su distribución paramétrica y el nivel de significancia estadística fue p<0,05. La distribución genotípica del polimorfismo rs17817449 de FTO en jóvenes chilenos fue: TT: 50 %; TG: 42,7 %; GG 7,3 % y la distribución alélica fue: T: 0,7105 y G: 0,2895. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables antropométricas al analizar los participantes según modelo de dominancia del alelo G. Se determinó la distribución genotípica y la frecuencia alélica del polimorfismo rs17817449 del gen FTO en jóvenes chilenos, datos desconocidos hasta este momento. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, no existen diferencias antropométricas entre personas con diferentes genotipos del polimorfismo rs17817449 de FTO, agrupadas según modelo de dominancia del alelo G.

The rs17817449 polymorphism of the FTO gene in young Chileans and their influence on anthropometric variables. 96 young subjects (18-25 years old), 43 men and 53 women were evaluated using genotyping of the rs17817449 polymorphism of the FTO gene in TT, TG and GG by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in addition to a Kinenatropometric evaluation to determine the variables associated with body composition. The variables were analyzed statistically according to their parametric distribution and the level of statistical significance was p<0.05. The genotypic distribution of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449 in young Chileans was: TT: 50 %; TG: 42.7 %; GG 7.3 % and the allelic distribution was: T: 0.7105 and G: 0.2895. No statistically significant differences were found in the anthropometric variables when analyzing the participants according to model of dominance of the G allele. The genotypic distribution and the allelic frequency of the rs17817449 polymorphism of the gene were determined FTO in Chilean population, data unknown until now. According to our results, there are no anthropometric differences between people with different genotypes of the FTO polymorphism rs17817449, nor according to the dominance model of the G.

Descripción de la Criminalidad Femenina en Colombia: factores de riesgo y motivación criminal / Descrição da criminalidade feminina na Colômbia: fatores de risco e motivação criminal / Description of female criminality in Colombia: risk factors and criminal motivation

En Colombia, al igual que a nivel mundial, en los últimos años se ha identificado un aumento de la participación de la mujer en comportamientos criminales. En tal sentido, el grupo de investigación OBSER DIJIN conformó un equipo interdisciplinar que aportó elementos de juicio basados en evidencia, a partir de la aplicación de técnicas de investigación, cuyo principal resultado fue una aproximación a la dimensión y características del fenómeno, que aportó elementos para la formulación de una política criminal en Colombia. El estudio tuvo herramientas cuantitativas y cualitativas para la recolección de información y posterior análisis. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de la Policía Nacional sobre mujeres capturadas en Colombia, y los datos de mujeres condenadas y recluidas en los centros penitenciarios y carcelarios, suministrados por el INPEC. Para indagar en algunas variables de interés, como las características sociodemográficas o las motivaciones delictuales, entre otras, se tomó una muestra representativa. A la mencionada muestra se le aplicó un cuestionario, estructurado con tres categorías: caracterización sociodemográfica, del delito y las motivaciones para cometerlo. Se hicieron grupos de discusión con categorías de análisis determinadas, como los entornos familiares, las carreras delictivas, el análisis costo-beneficio para decidir cometer un delito, la posibilidad de reincidencia y la percepción de las mujeres que participaron sobre los entornos de privación de la libertad. Adicionalmente, se diseñaron y aplicaron entrevistas, ahondando en el discurso de las mujeres que incurren en diversas actividades delictivas, para conocer factores asociados a su decisión y las motivaciones personales que incidieron.

Na Colômbia, bem como a nível mundial, nos últimos anos identificou-se um aumento da participação das mulheres em comportamentos criminosos. A este respeito, o grupo de pesquisa OBSER DIJIN formou uma equipe interdisciplinar que trouxe elementos de julgamento com base em evidência, a partir da aplicação de técnicas de investigação, cujo principal resultado foi uma aproximação da dimensão e características do fenômeno, fornecendo elementos para a formulação de uma política criminal na Colômbia. O estudo teve ferramentas qualitativas e quantitativas para a recolha de informações e análises subsequentes. Utilizaram-se bancos de dados da Polícia Nacional sobre mulheres capturadas na Colômbia e os dados das mulheres condenadas e encarcerado nos centros penitenciários, fornecidos pelo INPEC. Para indagar algumas variáveis de interesse, tais como características sociodemográficas e motivações para cometer crimes, entre outras, pegou-se uma amostra representativa, à qual foi aplicada um questionário estruturado com três categorias: caracterização sócio-demográfica e do crime e as motivações para cometê-lo. Formaram-se grupos de discussão com certas categorias de análise, como os ambientes familiares, carreiras criminais, analise custo-benefício para decidir a cometer um crime, a possibilidade de reincidência e a percepção das mulheres que participaram em ambientes de privação de liberdade. Além disso, entrevistas foram projetadas e implementada, aprofundando no discurso das mulheres que incorrem em várias atividades criminosas, para conhecer sobre fatores associados com a sua decisão e motivações pessoais que incidiram.

In Colombia, like anywhere worldwide, an increasing involvement of women in criminal behaviors has been witnessed. In this sense, an interdisciplinary team organized by the OBSER DIJIN investigative group has furnished useful facts based on evidences obtained from the application of investigation techniques, the main result of which was an approach to both the dimension and the features of this phenomenon where elements for the formulation of a criminal policy in Colombia were contributed. The study included quantitative and qualitative tools for the gathering of information and further analysis. National Police databases were used to obtain records on women captured in Colombia, as well as information provided by the National Penitentiary and Prison Institute (INPEC) with respect to convicted and imprisoned females. For the purpose of inquiring into some variables of interest, a representative sample was taken to which a three-category structure questionnaire was applied as to obtain, among others: socio-demographic features, crime characterization, and motivations for the perpetration of crimes. Discussion groups were organized for the relevant analysis of these categories in the areas of family environment, criminal careers, cost-benefit considerations for the commission of some kind of crimes, likelihood of recidivism, and the perception of women involved in several criminal activities, in order to delve into factors associated with their decisions and personal motivations having influenced them.

Reproducibilidad del posicionamiento de pacientes en tratamiento con radioterapia del Centro Javeriano de Oncología / Reproducibility of patient positioning in radiation therapy Centro Javeriano de Oncología

Introducción. Se encuentran incertidumbres por posicionamiento en los pacientes durante el tratamiento de radioterapia. Este estudio se realizó con la finalidad de mostrar la experiencia en nuestro centro. Métodos. Se analizaron 316 pacientes en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de marzo y el 18 de junio de 2010, y se compararon las radiografías digitales reconstruidas, Digitally Reconstructed Radiograph, DRR) con las radiológicas, en película radiográfica o imagen digital, y se hicieron las correcciones correspondientes en los tres ejes...

Introduction: Positioning uncertainties are found in patients during treatment of radiotherapy. This study was conducted in order to show the experience in our center. Methods: 316 patients were analyzed in the period from March 17 to June 18, 2010, which compared the images DRR (Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs) with radiological images either by X-ray film or digital image for performing corrections in the three axes...